There are numerous glass devises used in wet chemical study and analysis, including burettes, pipettes, test tubes, flasks, glass tubing, and distillation vessels to name a few. Many containers are graduated for volume. The pestle and mortar, the pre-eminent laboratory symbol, has been around since the Stone Age for grinding grain. The more recent collectable sets are made of bronze, brass, pewter, agate, serpentine, jade, porcelain or iron. To separate compounds of one type from another electrophoresis cells were developed as early as 1807, using glass tubes and a voltaic pile (battery). The thermometer is one of the most widely applied laboratory devises. Those that measures temperatures above 500 degrees Celsius are called a pyrometers. Other measuring and testing devises among many include the air pump, invented by Robert Boyle in 1647 to conduct studies in a vacuum; eudiometers, invented in the late-1700s to measure the ‘purity’ of air; the viscometer, first used in the mid-1800s to measure fluid viscosity; the Bunsen absoptiometer, invented in 1855 to measure absorption coefficients of gases; the auxanometer, spherometer, osometer, pressure bomb, photometer, psychrometer, clinostat and porometer, all invented in the mid to late 1800s to measure various properties of plants; the hydrostatic balance to measure the specific gravity of rocks, minerals and other solids; the goniometer, invented in 1898, to measure angles between crystal faces; hardness and impact testers and the melting point apparatus, the latter invented in 1810; magnetometers to measure magnetic properties of rocks and the substrate, based on a simple dip needle, originally devised in 1723; gravimeters that use torsion balances, first used in 1888; the ‘pocket’ penetrometer to test ground hardness; and numerous other inventions to measure and test a wide range of subjects